The United States (US) Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) data for February at 13:30 GMT.
Volatility around the US Dollar (USD) will likely ramp up on the employment report, with investors looking for fresh insights on the US Federal Reserve’s (Fed) path forward on interest rates, especially after the crisis in the Middle East revived concerns over rising inflation.
What to expect from the next Nonfarm Payrolls report?
Investors expect NFP to rise by 59K following the impressive 130K increase recorded in January. The Unemployment Rate is expected to remain unchanged at 4.3%, while the annual wage inflation, as measured by the change in the Average Hourly Earnings, is projected to hold steady at 3.7%.
Previewing the employment report, TD Securities analysts note that they expect job gains to moderate to 90K in February.
“The moderation should be led by healthcare after it posted unusually strong gains last month. Private payrolls likely saw a 100k gain while government likely declined 10k. We also look for the Unemployment Rate to stay at 4.3%, while we flag the risk of an increase to 4.4%. Average Hourly Earnings likely moderated to 0.2% m/m (3.7% y/y),” they add.
Recent employment-related data releases from the US hinted at relatively healthy labor market conditions in February. The Employment Index of the Institute for Supply Management’s (ISM) Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) survey edged higher to 48.8 from 48.1 in January (although still in contraction), while the Automatic Data Processing (ADP) reported that employment in the private sector rose 63K, surpassing the market expectation of 50K. Finally, the Employment Index of the ISM Services PMI survey rose to 51.8 from 50.3, reflecting an acceleration in job creation in the key service sector.
Economic Indicator
Nonfarm Payrolls
The Nonfarm Payrolls release presents the number of new jobs created in the US during the previous month in all non-agricultural businesses; it is released by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The monthly changes in payrolls can be extremely volatile. The number is also subject to strong reviews, which can also trigger volatility in the Forex board. Generally speaking, a high reading is seen as bullish for the US Dollar (USD), while a low reading is seen as bearish, although previous months’ reviews and the Unemployment Rate are as relevant as the headline figure. The market’s reaction, therefore, depends on how the market assesses all the data contained in the BLS report as a whole.
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How will the US February Nonfarm Payrolls affect EUR/USD?
The USD has capitalized on safe-haven flows and started the month on a firm footing after the US and Israel carried out a joint attack against Iran, causing EUR/USD to come under heavy bearish pressure.
Earlier in the week, the US Senate rejected a resolution that is designed to force US President Donald Trump to seek congressional approval for further military action against Iran. Additionally, CNN reported that a top US official said that the US will start attacking deeper into Iran, noting that the operation is still in its early days.
From a monetary policy perspective, investors are keeping a close eye on the impact of the Middle East crisis on energy prices and how that could alter the inflation outlook. According to the CME FedWatch Tool, the probability of the Federal Reserve (Fed) leaving the policy rate unchanged in the next three meetings climbed to nearly 70% from about 50% before the US-Iran war started.
While speaking at the Bloomberg Invest Conference earlier in the week, Neel Kashkari, President of the Federal Reserve (Fed) Bank of Minneapolis, said that it is too soon to know how the Iran war will affect inflation, but acknowledged that it could have an impact on monetary policy.
In case NFP comes in at 70K or higher, and the Unemployment Rate remains steady at 4.3% as forecast, markets could assess the employment data as “good enough” for the Fed to continue to delay interest-rate cuts until the second half of the year. In this scenario, the USD could continue to gather strength and trigger another leg lower in EUR/USD.
On the other hand, a significant downside surprise in NFP, a reading at or below 30K, combined with an increase in the Unemployment Rate, would be required for investors to lean back toward a rate cut in June.
Still, the USD’s losses could remain limited in this case unless there is a de-escalation of the conflict in the Middle East. The most bearish scenario for the USD, fueling a decisive rebound in EUR/USD, would be a combination of a sharp correction in Crude Oil prices with the naval activity in the Strait of Hormuz returning to normal, and an employment report that highlights worsening labor market conditions.
Societe Generale analysts note that they expect a solid NFP print after “four out of four US labour market anecdotes surprised to the upside.”
“Under the current circumstances, it’s a stretch to conclude that good data is reassuring and therefore bullish for risk assets and currencies (bearish dollar),” they add. “We assume that a 30K-70K employment gain should not move the dial and it’s where oil and natural gas prices close the week that we think will govern the price action.”
Eren Sengezer, European Session Lead Analyst at FXStreet, offers a brief technical outlook for EUR/USD:
“There is a clear bearish tilt in EUR/USD’s short-term outlook. The pair made a daily close below the 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) for the first time in a year and the Relative Strength Index (RSI) dropped below 40.”
“1.1500 (static level, round level) aligns as first significant support ahead of 1.1400 (static level, round level) and 1.1300-1.1290 (round level, static level). On the upside, a strong resistance area seems to have formed at 1.1670-1.1700 (200-day SMA, 100-day SMA). The pair would need to clear that hurdle and stabilize to attract technical buyers. In this case, the 50-day SMA could act as the next resistance at 1.1770.”
Fed FAQs
Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money.
When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback.
The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions.
The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.
